What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
IBS, also known as irritable bowel syndrome, is a functional disorder of the GI tract that often causes abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It is the most commonly diagnosed GI condition and seems to be most prevalent in the 8-12 year old age group. The exact cause of IBS is not known but several theories have been suggested that can be divided into two models: the top down model or the bottom up model.
The top down model explains that the symptoms of IBS are caused by changes in our autonomic nervous system. These changes trickle down and affect the activity of our gut’s nervous system, which is also known as the enteric nervous system. These changes can affect factors like gut motility, intestinal permeability, and even our gut microbiome.
The bottom up model explains that IBS begins in the gut. Intestinal infections, inflammation, food allergies, changes in the gut microbiome, and increased intestinal permeability may all contribute to symptom development in this model.
Several dietary and lifestyle changes may help to manage symptoms of IBS. Exercise, even at just one hour per week, has been shown to be particularly helpful for reducing the severity of symptoms and preventing symptom worsening. Several dietary factors have also been proposed to improve symptoms including limiting high FODMAP foods, lactose, or gluten, increasing soluble fiber in the diet, and investigating food sensitivities.
Other potential treatment options include mind body techniques such as guided imagery, hypnotherapy, and vagus nerve exercises. Supplementation with probiotics, herbs, and homeopathy may also provide benefits.
Please discuss with your doctor if you are interested in learning more about IBS and potential treatment options to manage it!
Resources
https://www-uptodate-com.scnmlib.idm.oclc.org/contents/pathophysiology-of-irritable-bowel-syndrome?search=IBS&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3
https://www-uptodate-com.scnmlib.idm.oclc.org/contents/treatment-of-irritable-bowel-syndrome-in-adults?search=IBS&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H64583454
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